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Africa: Subsaharan
Marburg Toll In Angola Explodes to 200
2005-04-07
As of 6 April, 200 cases of Marburg haemorrhagic fever have been reported in Angola. Of these cases, 173 have died. Kuanza Sul has reported its first case, bringing the number of affected provinces to six, all concentrated in the north-western part of the country.

Dr Niman's commentary: The latest update from the WHO clearly shows exponential growth a Marburg cases, creating increasing difficult conditions for contact tracing, which virtually assures continuation of the record breaking increase in cases.

The differential between diagnosed cases and those who have died has grown to 27. Last week the differential was 5-8 cases. The increase in patients who are still alive does not indicate that patients are recovering. It indicates that new cases are being discovered faster than the older cases can die, because the number of older cases is small. The growing differential also indicates that a number of additional patients have been identified, and the exponential growth virtually guarantees a new death record this month. The prior record of 280 deaths was set in the Ebola outbreak of 1967.

The dramatic growth in cases can be seen in the monthly figures. In January there were 20, 31 in February, and 75 in March. In the first 6 days of April there are already 74 newly diagnosed cases. The case fatality rate remains at or near 100%. New cases in neighborhoods or slums near Luanda indicate many more infections will be reported in the coming weeks.
I thought the low numbers of new cases reported over the last two days indicated either the disease was slowing down of its own accord or the education/tracing/isolation resources brought in were having an effect. It now appears it is not slowing down at all and the number of cases is more than doubling with each infection cycle (7 to 10 days). A disease with no cure, no vaccine and a 100% fatality rate doubling every 10 days is about as bad as it gets.
Posted by:phil_b

#3  Phil, I maintain that 200 cases isn't a large enough set to draw any conclusions from. Explosive spread is what we saw with the Spanish Flu at Fort Riley Kansas. On March 11, 1918, 101 men presented with flu symptoms. Within three months the Brits had 31,000 cases. You just do not have enough cases, or enough months, to graph a trend for Marburg.

I am not aware of the failure of barrier methods, universal precautions, in Singapore. I am aware of the scathing report on the SARS cases in Toronto's medical community caused by improper use of precautions and the government declaring the epidemic over when it was not.

I think we'll see hundreds of deaths, and some spread in the region. Tragic, but not earthshattering. Most of these deaths are caused by the physical condition of the patients rather than the disease.
Posted by: Chuck Simmins   2005-04-07 11:12:58 PM  

#2  Chuck I don't dispute any of what you say (except perhaps the bit about routine barrier methods being an absolute preventative. They failed with SARS in Singapore) but most people don't grasp what exponential means and what doubling over a short period means. Marburg infections are clearly increasing at a rapid rate and we must assume they will continue to increase until they encounter one or more barriers to further spread. That might be a limit to the tranmission chain, preventative measures or some geographic factor. If it doesn't encounter a limiting factor then I can graph an exponential trend as well the next person and in a few months there will be an awful lot of dead people. I also understand about scale problems. Solutions at a small scale don't work at a larger scale. Trace and isolate is one of them. The bigger this gets the closer we get to trace and isolate only slowing the outbreak down rather than reducing it in size. I suspect we have already passed that point given the resources that can be brought to bear. I have said before I don't consider this a risk to developed countries, but until I see evidence of its spread slowing down then I find it ominous for Africa.
Posted by: phil_b   2005-04-07 9:18:58 PM  

#1  OK, don't get your panties in a wad. This epidemic is happening in one of the least healthy places on the planet. The life expectancy in Angola is somewhere around 40-42 years. Everything kills Angolans, not just Marburg.

WHO
Marburg haemorrhagic fever is an extremely rare disease that remains poorly understood. Information on the behaviour of Marburg virus once it enters a human population is sparse. As detailed in a fact sheet recently issued by WHO, the outbreak in Angola is one of only two large outbreaks of this disease that have occurred in indigenous African populations since the virus was first detected in 1967. The only other large outbreak, which began in late 1998 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, was confined to two sparsely populated villages in an isolated corner of the country, caused sporadic cases with small chains of transmission over two years, and never reached the intensity of transmission seen in just the past few weeks in Angola. The outbreak in Angola is not only the largest on record, with the highest fatality, but is also the first to occur in an urban setting.

Almost three decades of civil unrest have left Angola with a severely weakened health infrastructure, a hospital system in dire need of basic equipment and supplies, inadequate communication and transportation systems, and a population weakened by economic hardship. These weaknesses hamper containment efforts, which depend on active surveillance for cases, rapid detection and isolation in specially designated and equipped facilities, and rapid tracing of contacts.


From October 1, 2004 to now there have been 200 cases identified. Even if you double that number to allow for the "outstanding" public health department in Angola, it still is a very minor, VERY MINOR problem.

Dr. Niman is one of the best virologists on the planet. He is also selling his patented systems for analyzing and predicting viral outbreaks. His company, Recombinomics, bases its success on receiving funding in some manner for these methods. He is hardly a disinterested party.

Marburg continues to be spread in the same old way, by intimate personal contact. Barrier methods that are routine for medical professionals in the United States are an absolute preventative. As I have said repeatedly, if it's yucky and it's not yours, don't touch it.

Dr. Niman is now working on a two track approach to funding, avian flu and Marburg. I wish him good luck, but even a thousand dead from Marburg is hardly a cause for a major world panic. In 2002, 16,371 people dies from HIV related causes in the United States alone. NIH

HIV is totally preventable. As is infection by Marburg.

You gotta understand. In a world of 5-6 billion plus people, a couple of hundred dead is statisticly irrelevant. It's tragic, especially to those who die, but it is hardly a sign of the end times.
Posted by: Chuck Simmins   2005-04-07 8:46:56 PM  

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