Scientific Blogging
ItÂ’s the most famous chord in rock 'n' roll, an instantly recognizable twang rolling through the open strings on George HarrisonÂ’s 12-string Rickenbacker. It evokes a Pavlovian response from music fans as they sing along to the refrain that follows:
"ItÂ’s been a hard dayÂ’s night
And IÂ’ve been working like a dog"
The opening chord to "A Hard DayÂ’s Night" is also famous because, for 40 years, no one quite knew exactly what chord Harrison was playing. There were theories aplenty and musicians, scholars and amateur guitar players all gave it a try, but it took a Dalhousie mathematician to figure out the exact formula.
Four years ago, inspired by reading news coverage about the songÂ’s 40th anniversary, Jason Brown of DalhousieÂ’s Department of Mathematics decided to try and see if he could apply a mathematical calculation known as Fourier transform to solve the BeatlesÂ’ riddle. The process allowed him to decompose the sound into its original frequencies using computer software and parse out which notes were on the record.
It worked, to a point: the frequencies he found didn’t match the known instrumentation on the song. “George played a 12-string Rickenbacker, Lennon had his six string, Paul had his bass…none of them quite fit what I found,” he explains. “Then the solution hit me: it wasn’t just those instruments. There was a piano in there as well, and that accounted for the problematic frequencies.”
...Dr. Brown deduces that another George—George Martin, the Beatles producer—also played on the chord, adding a piano chord that included an F note impossible to play with the other notes on the guitar. The resulting chord was completely different than anything found in the literature about the song to date, which is one reason why Dr. Brown’s findings garnered international attention. He laughs that he may be the only mathematician ever to be published in Guitar Player magazine.... |