Both the armscontrolwonks and 38 North are slow with a comprehensive comparison of all the missiles after the concert. Much easier to do comparisons between missiles with data from the same analyst. Norbert Brügge did a lot of revisions since the image dump, here is some of what he thinks:


The HS-12 first (and only stage) has the same overall length as the HS-14 first stage.

The HS-12 first stage are ~1.5m diameter with common bulkhead, HS-14 first stage is ~1.70m diameter and no common bulkhead.
HS-10 is also ~1.5m diameter with common bulkhead but much shorter in length and with a submerged engine.

HS-14 second stage is of similar dimensions as the HS-13 3rd stage. HS-13 2013 parade version that is.
HS-13 first stage is larger in diameter ~1.9m.


Same engine on HS-12 and HS-14, different from the submerged engine on HS-10. Verniers may be the same.
Very little information about the HS-13 engine(s). From images the first stage has 2 main combustors and 2 verniers.

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Seems to me like NK moved away from R-27 inspired submerged engines and redid their designs with their new engine. A slightly longer missile is not too much of a hassle on land. (Btw: that seems to be a major reason for different HS-12 and HS-14 missile length between analysts. Some add the overhanging nozzles to the length, some don't...)
Their submarine launched missiles moved to solid fuel instead.