A young police detective testified yesterday at the Herald Square bombing plot trial that he was recruited from the Police Academy 13 months after 9/11 to work deep undercover in the Muslim community to investigate Islamic extremists.The detective, a Muslim who came to America from Bangladesh when he was 7, testified that he was a 23-year-old college graduate when he was plucked from the academy in October 2002. He took an apartment in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, where, he testified, his assignment was to be a "walking camera" among Muslims there.
He said he had no contact with the Police Department other than through his handler, to whom he reported by e-mail at first. During two years of living in Bay Ridge, he was involved in "numerous" investigations, he testified, and was at times shadowed by a field team to ensure his safety.
The Police Intelligence Division's program to post detectives overseas has been widely publicized. But this detective's testimony yesterday in federal court in Brooklyn provided the closest look yet at how the division is using undercover investigators to penetrate mosques, bookstores and other places where Muslims gather in the city.
His testimony confirmed what many Muslims have believed since the Sept. 11 attacks: that law enforcement agencies have worked to infiltrate their community during terrorism investigations. It also revealed the extraordinary steps the department took to create a fictitious identity so a Muslim investigator could live for years in an insular neighborhood where people have become highly suspicious of the authorities.
Beyond the detective's testimony, police officials yesterday would not discuss the scope of the program and provided no details about its structure, its guidelines or its successes or failures. The witness was identified only by a pseudonym — Kamil Pasha — to protect continuing investigations.
The detective was the final witness at the four-week trial of Shahawar Matin Siraj, 23, a Pakistani immigrant who is charged with plotting to blow up the Herald Square subway station in 2004. His lawyers have argued that he was entrapped by a paid police informer, a 50-year-old Egyptian-born nuclear engineer who they say was the driving force behind the plot. They have argued that their client was an inept dupe who was not predisposed to commit an act of terrorism until the informer inflamed him.
The undercover detective was called as a witness to rebut the defense arguments that the informer had drawn Mr. Siraj into the plot. He told the jury about statements Mr. Siraj had made long before he met the informer, which prosecutors contend show he had often spoken about violence and terrorism. The detective was not involved in the investigation of Mr. Siraj but came across him during his undercover work.
Much of the detective's testimony focused on Mr. Siraj's statements, but strands of information about the detective and his work were interlaced with his answers. And while prosecutors sought to limit testimony about the detective's background, objecting several times to questions by one of Mr. Siraj's lawyers, Martin R. Stolar, the judge, Nina Gershon, overruled the objections.
The detective testified that he graduated from the John Jay College of Criminal Justice and entered the Police Academy in July 2002. In the middle of October, roughly halfway through his academy training, he left early when he was recruited to join the Intelligence Division, where he was assigned to the Special Services Unit, which runs the undercover program.
Within three weeks, according to his testimony, he made his first appearance at the Islamic Society of Bay Ridge, a mosque on Fifth Avenue in Brooklyn, next door to the Islamic bookstore where Mr. Siraj worked. He testified that he spent time there periodically. Mr. Stolar, while questioning the detective, indicated that his reports showed he had seen Mr. Siraj 72 times over the two years, mostly in the bookstore.
He testified that he started looking for an apartment and a job. At one point Mr. Siraj's uncle was going to help him find work. With a coterie of young men who sometimes frequented the bookstore, he got involved in essentially proselytizing Islam.
He also testified that at one point he had Mr. Siraj over to his apartment. But he said he never wore a secret recording device.
The detective said he was not given any special training to work undercover but was taught about self-defense, weapons, surveillance and undercover safety.
He said, "I was told to act like a civilian — hang out in the neighborhood, gather information."
He said he was told "never to push for information," but instead to "take a back seat" and "observe, be the ears and eyes."
A slight man in a gray suit, a white shirt and a rust-colored patterned tie, the detective said he had never before testified in court. In fact, his youth and, perhaps, naïveté were in evidence at several points in the morning, including when he said he had never heard of suicide bombings before Mr. Siraj raised the subject, one he seemed to discuss often.
Mr. Stolar seemed incredulous. "You had never before heard of suicide bombings taking place in Israel?" he asked.
"I grew up with a very peaceful religion," the detective responded. "All of these comments — radical beliefs — came to me when I took this assignment." He added: "Where in Islam does it say you can blow up a train station?"
Over the course of the day, his poise on the stand grew. Most police officers make their trial debuts in less-charged atmospheres, perhaps in traffic or criminal court. For the witness yesterday, however, as the first Muslim undercover to testify, the stakes were far higher.
In fact, the stakes at the trial are perhaps higher still for the department, as evidenced by the presence for much of the proceedings of the department's highest ranking lawyer, S. Andrew Schaffer, the deputy commissioner for legal matters, and an aide. Also frequently present has been a civilian Intelligence Division analyst and for the last three days, as the possibility of the detective's testimony grew, a lieutenant from the department's press office.
Several questions about the investigation remained yesterday. When the undercover detective began visiting the Bay Ridge mosque in 2002, the Intelligence Division was governed by a 1985 consent decree stemming from a civil lawsuit. The decree limited police surveillance of political activity and religious services.
The guidelines set by the decree, which were loosened in February 2003, required that certain paperwork be filed before such an investigation could be conducted. It was unclear yesterday whether the guidelines were followed.