| Long and detailed, looking back as far as the 1960s to explain the various jihadi groups that formed and split off from one another in Toad The Wet Sprocket style, including links to ISIS and Al Qaeda. |
The collapse of state institutions in Somalia after 1991 and the lack of a central authority capable of asserting its control over the whole of Somali territory generated a complex weave of social and economic deterioration that brought about mounting rates of poverty, unemployment and crime, lowering moral and ethical standards and adding to the lack of opportunities for dignified livelihoods and exacerbating drought and famine.
The Somali people increasingly had to eke out their lives by relying on humanitarian aid
from international relief agencies together with generally paltry remittances from relatives abroad. Organised crime, the kidnappings of foreigners and piracy proliferated, as did murderous Moslem jihadist groups.