Jamaat Jund al-Islam (Soldiers of Islam) established training camps in Libya in 2011 after the fall of Muammar Gaddafi, then in September 2013 claimed a suicide attack against the Egyptian military's intelligence headquarters in Rafah. They claim links to Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula and to Hamas through a Gaza-based Islamic cleric who also has ties to the Syria-based Hayat Tahrir al-Sham.