Hi there, !
Today Sun 12/04/2022 Sat 12/03/2022 Fri 12/02/2022 Thu 12/01/2022 Wed 11/30/2022 Tue 11/29/2022 Mon 11/28/2022 Archives
Rantburg
531687 articles and 1855967 comments are archived on Rantburg.

Today: 64 articles and 208 comments as of 9:48.
Post a news link    Post your own article   
Area: WoT Background    Non-WoT    Opinion    Local News    Politix   
3 teens among 15 Iranians facing death penalty over killing of paramilitary officer
Today's Headlines
Headline Comments [Views]
Page 1: WoT Operations
3 19:27 Voldemort Groluns2101 [] 
1 19:21 Voldemort Groluns2101 [1] 
0 [1] 
0 [1] 
0 [] 
0 [] 
0 [2] 
0 [] 
1 19:23 Voldemort Groluns2101 [] 
0 [2] 
5 16:00 Secret Master [1] 
Page 2: WoT Background
0 [1]
0 [2]
2 17:06 Skidmark []
1 17:10 Skidmark [1]
4 11:12 Dron66046 [1]
Page 3: Non-WoT
4 19:29 Voldemort Groluns2101 []
3 09:29 Thing From Snowy Mountain [1]
0 []
0 []
0 []
10 16:17 trailing wife [1]
10 17:16 Procopius2k [1]
4 19:42 Woodrow []
0 []
4 09:38 NN2N1 []
11 17:04 JohnQC [1]
4 17:22 Skidmark [1]
5 12:26 mossomo []
5 13:06 Nguard []
11 13:36 Abu Uluque []
6 19:44 Woodrow []
7 14:16 Super Hose []
Page 4: Opinion
3 21:39 trailing wife [3]
2 17:17 Besoeker [2]
0 []
1 14:24 Skidmark []
10 23:07 Captain Borgia1423 []
1 13:33 swksvolFF []
9 16:17 USN, Ret. [1]
5 15:30 Skidmark []
3 07:39 M. Murcek []
Page 5: Russia-Former Soviet Union
9 23:24 DarthVader []
10 17:29 Mad Eye Omeretch7959 [1]
6 19:46 Bertie Sproing9005 []
0 []
1 12:19 Frank G [1]
0 []
9 22:11 trailing wife [1]
0 []
0 []
1 12:38 mossomo []
2 18:43 SteveS [2]
0 [1]
0 [1]
Page 6: Politix
2 09:07 Bobby []
13 20:42 Frank G []
8 12:45 ruprecht []
2 12:31 SteveS []
3 17:22 Besoeker []
4 14:57 NoMoreBS [2]
3 15:51 Matt []
1 13:55 Super Hose [4]
0 [1]
Good Morning

Biden admin's Commerce appointee was longtime
business partner of Hunter Biden, emails reveal
Thursday December 1st, 2022

DorothySebastian_0000423547-26218L
Texas officials giving Narcan to Austin
bars as fentanyl deaths surge: 'Public health crisis'
'Philadelphia is a war zone': Moment thug casually strolls up to parking officer and shoots him in the head in broad daylight in Dem-led city
Russian State Defense Order 2022-2023
Irretrievable losses of the APU more than 100,000
Terrorists shelled the Idlib de-escalation zone in Syria
US air marshals plot 'mutiny' against
Biden plan to leave flights unprotected
Horrific moment US man, 21, stabs grandfather, 70, in neck hours after being freed from mental hospital - prompting cops at the scene to shoot knifeman AND his grandpa dead

Posted by: Fred || 12/01/2022 || Comments || Link || [0 views] Top|| File under:

#1  She's fallen and can't get up.
Posted by: Skidmark || 12/01/2022 17:05 Comments || Top||

#2  Her first objective is to get to her knees.
Posted by: jpal || 12/01/2022 17:52 Comments || Top||

#3 
Posted by: Voldemort Groluns2101 || 12/01/2022 19:27 Comments || Top||


-Lurid Crime Tales-
'Philadelphia is a war zone': Moment thug casually strolls up to parking officer and shoots him in the head in broad daylight in Dem-led city
[Daily Mail, where America gets its news] Is this a new version of the knockout game or widening the war on police?
  • A Philadelphia parking authority officer was shot point blank in the head by a suspect walking down the street on the day after Thanksgiving

  • The officer, who is now in stable condition, was on duty at the time of the targeted assault

  • It is unknown whether the shooting pertained to tickets recently given out by the officer, who was known as a 'nice guy' by members of the community
A statement by the Philadelphia Police Department said it is seeking the public’s help locating the man, who is described as Black or Hispanic, 5’9″ – 6’0″, thin, wearing a navy-blue hooded sweatshirt, green cargo pants, black mask, gloves, and black boots.

One week prior to the targeted shooting of an officer, a 35-year-old sanitation worker, Ikeem Johnson, was killed on the job in what police believe was also a targeted attack - though investigators are still searching for a reason why.
Posted by: Skidmark || 12/01/2022 00:00 || Comments || Link || [1 views] Top|| File under:

#1  Surprised? This is the city that elected a severely brain damaged partisan hack and a dead person. But hey, no Cheeto Jeebus!
Posted by: Rex Mundi || 12/01/2022 10:20 Comments || Top||


#3  ^ Thank gawd they don't make Phillies Underoos.
Posted by: SteveS || 12/01/2022 12:45 Comments || Top||

#4  "Oh, God, I love filly."
Posted by: swksvolFF || 12/01/2022 13:03 Comments || Top||

#5  ^ I see what you did there!
Posted by: Secret Master || 12/01/2022 16:00 Comments || Top||


Afghanistan
Daily Evacuation Brief December 1, 2022
[AfghanDigest] LAST 24 HOURS
  • MADRASSA BLAST IN SAMANGAN – A massive explosion was reported at the Al-Jihad Madrassa in Aybak yesterday afternoon. Conflicting reports about the death toll from the blast are being printed in varying outlets but at least 10 are confirmed dead with some estimates suggesting over 30 were killed. An additional 20-40 people are said to have been wounded. The Taliban have said little about the attack but did confirm that the majority of the casualties were students. The majority of those who attend the school are of Uzbek ethnicity. No details were given on the type of device that was used to carry out the attack and no group has yet claimed credit for the bombing.

  • IRANIAN NEWS AGENCY CLAIMS THAT HUNDREDS ARE MISSING ALONG BORDER – IRNA news agency issued a report that claims more than 100 Afghan citizens have gone missing in the border areas over the last six months. The majority are said to be children. It is thought the children became separated from their families during illegal border crossings. The Red Crescent Society of Iran has been accepting requests for information from family members who are looking for their missing family members and Afghan citizens who may be dealing with a disappearance are urged to contact the organization to begin a case file.

  • NEW KABUL GOVERNOR APPOINTED – Mawlavi Zahir Khan Khalid has been appointed to be the new Governor of Kabul and has already assumed office. His appointment is seen as another capitulation to the hard-liners in the regime.


NEXT 24 HOURS
  • MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR PERSONNEL HEADING TO SAMANGAN – GDI Agents were dispatched immediately after the reports of the bomb blast at the Madrassa were received in Kabul. Approximately 20 agents are traveling to the Province and are expected to be accompanied by a heavy security detachment. Sources in the Ministry of Defense stated the Taliban leadership has empowered local Commanders in the province to hunt down ISIS-K suspects as soon as possible. While ISIS-K has yet to claim credit for the attack, the leadership believes they carried out the operation. At-risk Afghans in Samangan should expect to see increased patrolling and heightened security for the foreseeable future.

  • INCREASED SECURITY PATROLLING EXPECTED IN PAKISTAN – After the deadly suicide bombing in Quetta,
    ...that’s the TTP suicide bomber who rammed a police escort car, killing 4 and maiming over 30. He apparently targeted a team of polio vaccinators...
    Pakistani police and military units were placed on heightened alert, and checkpoints along roads have been reinforced. Vehicles are expected to be searched thoroughly and pedestrians may find themselves asked to confirm their identities in more stringent patrolling. It is believed the new Military Chief will prosecute
Posted by: trailing wife || 12/01/2022 00:15 || Comments || Link || [1 views] Top|| File under: Taliban/IEA


Israel-Palestine-Jordan
2 terror group fighters killed in clashes with IDF during raid of Jenin refugee camp
[IsraelTimes] Casualties identified as Islamic Jihad
...created after many members of the Egyptian Moslem Brotherhood decided the organization was becoming too moderate. Operations were conducted out of Egypt until 1981 when the group was exiled after the assassination of President Anwar Sadat. They worked out of Gaza until they were exiled to Lebanon in 1987, where they clove tightly to Hezbollah. In 1989 they moved to Damascus, where they remain a subsidiary of Hezbollah...
and al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades members; Jenin hospital declares state of emergency due to large number of maimed in raid


Two Paleostinian terror group fighters were killed in heavy festivities with Israeli troops that broke out during a pre-dawn IDF raid of the northern West Bank’s Jenin refugee camp.

The Israeli raid was reportedly initiated in order to arrest several residents suspected of involvement in terror activity. While multiple Paleostinians were said to have been apprehended, troops came under heavy fire and responded with gunshots of their own.

Paleostinian media reported that as many as 20 people were maimed at varying degrees, and the hospital in Jenin declared a state of emergency, urging locals to come and donate blood.

There were no immediate reports of any maimed Israeli soldiers.

The casualties were identified as Na’im Zubeidi from the Fatah-linked al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades and Mohammed Ayman Saadi from Paleostinian Islamic Jihad, though the various armed factions are known to work together in Jenin against the IDF.

Both of the killed button men were in their 20s but had already served time in Israeli jail for security offenses. Zubeidi was a relative of Zakaria Zubeidi, a notorious al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades terrorist who criminal masterminded terror attacks during the Second Intifada and managed to briefly escape from Israeli prison last year.

In a statement early Thursday, an Islamic Jihad front man vowed to extract a price against Israel for the "heinous crime."

Hundreds of Jenin residents were filmed taking part in a funeral procession for one of the killed fighters that departed from the city’s hospital.

The Jenin refugee camp has been identified as a terror hotbed by the IDF, which says it has been forced to operate widely in the town that is in Paleostinian Authority-controlled Area A of the West Bank since the PA has lost control in the area. Ramallah maintains that the Israeli raids only further harm its legitimacy in the West Bank though.

The pair killed early Thursday morning were the seventh and eighth Paleostinians killed in the West Bank in less than three days.
Posted by: trailing wife || 12/01/2022 00:00 || Comments || Link || [2 views] Top|| File under: PLO


Israeli Occupation soldiers shot and critically injured a Palestinian man in Ya'bad, southwest of Jenin city
[PUBLISH.TWITTER]

Mr. Al Estiklal neglected to mention all sorts of things that The Times of Israel considers important:
A Paleostinian man was killed during festivities with Israeli troops in the northern West Bank on Wednesday afternoon, Paleostinian health officials said — a sixth fatality in less than two days.

The Israel Defense Forces said troops entered the town of Yabed, near Jenin, to arrest a Paleostinian terror suspect.

The IDF said the suspect, Abdul Ghani Herzallah, twice locked away
Youse'll never take me alive coppers!... [BANG!]... Ow!... I quit!
in Israel, was wanted for "recent terror activities."

Images circulating online showed Herzallah wearing a headband of the Hamas, a regional Iranian catspaw, terror group.

The IDF said troops seized an M16 assault rifle, a military vest, and NIS 50,000 ($15,000) in cash allegedly intended for terror, from Herzallah during the arrest.

Clashes erupted during the arrest operation, which saw Paleostinian button men opening fire and hurling bombs at troops, the IDF said.

"IDF soldiers shot at the suspects," the military added. No soldiers were hurt.

The Paleostinian Authority Health Ministry said slain man — named by media as Muhammad Tawfiq Badarneh — was shot in the chest during the festivities.
He may or may may not be poor, suffering Palestinian man referenced in the tweet above, but at least his suffering is over.
Abdul Ghani Herzallah cosplaying a fearsome Hamas terrorist:


Google translation of the Arabic text: “The occupation forces arrested the released prisoner, Abdul-Ghani Herzallah, from the besieged house in the town of Ya`bad, southwest of Jenin.”
Posted by: Fred || 12/01/2022 00:00 || Comments || Link || [0 views] Top|| File under: Hamas


Syria-Lebanon-Iran
Unidentified Gunmen Kill Government Soldiers In Syria’s Deir Ez-Zor
[NPASyria] Three soldiers of Syrian government forces were killed on Tuesday and two others were maimed in armed attacks in Deir ez-Zor Governorate, eastern Syria.

A military source of the government forces said unidentified button men attacked two military posts of the Division 17 of the government forces at the entrance of the town of Sbeikhan, east of Deir ez-Zor, with machine guns.

The attack resulted in the killing of two soldiers and the injury of two others, the source added.

In the same town, other button men attacked a military vehicle of the Division 17, killing a soldier.

Following the attacks, the government forces brought in military reinforcements to the town, set up checkpoints and deployed soldiers in and around the town.

However,
if you can't be a good example, then you'll just have to be a horrible warning...
they could not identify the attackers or arrest them.

On Tuesday, a lieutenant of the government forces was killed by unknown attackers in the town of Sukhnah in Homs Governorate.
Posted by: trailing wife || 12/01/2022 01:01 || Comments || Link || [1 views] Top|| File under: Govt of Syria

#1 
Posted by: Voldemort Groluns2101 || 12/01/2022 19:21 Comments || Top||


Syria accuses Turkey of sponsoring ISIS amid new operation
[Rudaw] The Syrian representative at the United Nations
...where theory meets practice and practice loses...
on Tuesday blasted The Sick Man of Europe Turkey
...the decaying remnant of the Ottoman Empire...
for repeatedly violating its illusory sovereignty and accused the country of sponsoring Death Eater organizations such as the Islamic State
...formerly ISIS or ISIL, depending on your preference. Before that they were al-Qaeda in Iraq, as shaped by Abu Musab Zarqawi. They're really very devout, committing every atrocity they can find in the Koran and inventing a few more. They fling Allah around with every other sentence, but to hear western pols talk they're not really Moslems....
(ISIS), state media reported.

"Syria calls on UNSC [UN Security Council] to compel Ottoman Turkish regime to end its illegal military presence on Syrian lands," said al-Hakam Dandi, the Syrian permanent representative to the UN.

Dandi added that "the pretexts marked by the Ottoman Turkish regime to justify its attacks on Syrian territories are no longer tricking anyone, particularly in light of its persistence to back terrorist organizations and to sponsor ’ISIS [ISIS]’ and ’Jabhat al-Nusra
...formally Jabhat an-Nusrah li-Ahli al-Sham (Support Front for the People of the Levant), also known as al-Qaeda in the Levant. They aim to establish a pan-Arab caliphate. Not the same one as the Islamic State, though .. ...
[Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, formerly al-Nusra, before that it was called something else
...al-Qaeda's Syrian affiliate, from which sprang the Islamic State...
].’"

Turkey launched a new aerial campaign dubbed Operation Claw-Sword on November 20 targeting positions of the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in northern Syria as well as Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) positions in the Kurdistan Region.

At least 30 soldiers of the Syrian regime have been killed in the ongoing Ottoman Turkish operation, according to figures by the UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) on Tuesday.

The SDF is a key US ally and held an instrumental role in defeating ISIS in Syria in 2019, reclaiming swathes of territory from the terror group as their backbone — the People’s Protection Units (YPG) - received worldwide recognition for their successful resistance to ISIS as the terror group pounded on the northern Syrian Kurdish city of Kobane in 2014.

Ankara has carried out three major military operations against the SDF in Syria since 2016, invading several Kurdish towns, such as Afrin, and Syrian gangs, affiliated to Turkey, have been accused of committing human rights
One man's rights are another man's existential threat.
violations, killings and abductions as well as forcing the displacement of Kurds.
Posted by: trailing wife || 12/01/2022 01:01 || Comments || Link || [1 views] Top|| File under: Sublime Porte


3 teens among 15 Iranians facing death penalty over killing of paramilitary officer
[IsraelTimes] Prosecutors allege that group of mourners paying tribute to slain protester killed Ruhollah Ajamian, a member of the Basij paramilitary force, on November 3 in Karaj

Three Iranian teenagers are among 15 people who could face the death penalty
over the killing of a pro-government paramilitary force member, the judiciary said Wednesday.

Iran
...Formerly a fairly civilized nation ruled by a Shah, it became a victim of Islamic revolution in 1979...
has been rocked by street violence since the September 16 death of Mahsa Amini, a 22-year-old Iranian of Kurdish origin, after her arrest in Tehran for an alleged breach of the country’s dress code for women.

A group of 15 people was charged with "corruption on earth" over the death of Ruhollah Ajamian, a member of the Basij paramilitary force, the judiciary’s Mizan Online website reported.

Prosecutors allege Ajamian, 27, was stripped naked and killed on November 3 in Karaj, a city west of Tehran, by a group of mourners who had been paying tribute to a slain protester.

Initially, on November 12, Mizan Online announced charges for 11 people over Ajamian’s killing, including a woman.

But on Wednesday, as the trial opened, it said 15 defendants in the case had been charged with "corruption on earth" — a sharia-related charge that is a capital crime in the Islamic Theocratic Republic.

"Three of the accused are aged 17" and their cases would be dealt with by a juvenile court, the website added.

An Iranian general said on Monday that more than 300 people have been killed in the unrest, including dozens of security force members, and thousands have been arrested, among them around 40 foreigners.

More than 2,000 people have been charged with offenses, according to the authorities.

At least six people have so far been sentenced to death, their fates now depending on the supreme court which rules on appeals.
Posted by: trailing wife || 12/01/2022 00:00 || Comments || Link || [0 views] Top|| File under: Govt of Iran


Iran says 4 sentenced to death for alleged collaboration with Israeli intelligence
[IsraelTimes] Regime-affiliated news agency says ruling issued against ’network of thugs’ that was ’kidnapping people’ and ’stealing and destroying property’

Iranian media reported Wednesday that four people had been sentenced to death in the country for supposed collaboration with Israeli intelligence services.

The semi-official Mehr news agency also claimed the four took had taken part in unspecified kidnappings.

Iran
...a theocratic Shiite state divided among the Medes, the Persians, and the (Arab) Elamites....
announces the arrest of Israeli spies from time to time. The veracity of such claims is unclear and there is seldom a public Israeli response.

The Islamic Theocratic Republic regularly also announces death sentence
...the barbaric practice of sentencing a murderer to be punished for as long as his/her/its victim is dead...
s against political dissidents, including against some protesters taking part in the current large-scale nationwide demonstrations that have drawn a brutal crackdown by authorities.

Iranian media said the four people were "sentenced to death for the crime of cooperating with the intelligence services of the Zionist regime and for kidnapping," according to a translation by the Rooters news agency.

"With guidance from the Zionist intelligence service, this network of thugs was stealing and destroying private and public property, kidnapping people, and obtaining fake confessions," it added.

The report said three others were sentenced to prison terms of between five and 10 years, over alleged crimes of acting against national security, aiding kidnappings and possessing illegal weapons.

Tehran has long accused Israel’s Mossad spy agency of operating on its soil, including in connection with a series of sabotage attacks on its nuclear facilities and scientists.

Jerusalem has rarely taken credit for such actions, although former prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu publicly feted an operation that resulted in Israel retrieving a trove of classified documents on Iran’s nuclear program.

In addition, Tehran has accused Israel and its allies of trying to foment civil war amid the protests against the regime.
Posted by: trailing wife || 12/01/2022 00:00 || Comments || Link || [0 views] Top|| File under: Govt of Iran


Pentagon eliminates one of the leaders of radical extremists in Syria
Direct Translation via Google Translate. Edited.
[REGNUM] In Syria, the US military forces the opposition movement eliminated the leader of the radicals

The elimination of Abu al-Hasan al-Kureishi , one of the leaders of the Islamic State terrorist group (an organization whose activities are banned in the Russian Federation) in Syria, was confirmed by the US military. This was stated on November 30 in the press service of the US Central Command.

It is specified that the liquidation of the leader of radical extremists took place in mid-October. It is noted that the operation was carried out by the opposition movement "Syrian Free Army".

In the Pentagon, the death of the terrorist leader is called another successful strike against ISIS (an organization whose activities are banned in the Russian Federation).

Earlier , REGNUM reported that the Pentagon announced plans to hold talks between the heads of the US and Turkish defense ministries on issues that are taking place in Syria.
Posted by: badanov || 12/01/2022 00:00 || Comments || Link || [0 views] Top|| File under: Islamic State

#1 
Posted by: Voldemort Groluns2101 || 12/01/2022 19:23 Comments || Top||


Terrorists shelled the Idlib de-escalation zone in Syria
Direct Translation via Google Translate. Edited.
[REGNUM] CPVS: In Syria, one shelling was recorded in the Idlib de-escalation zone per day

Members of the Jabhat al-Nusra terrorist group (an organization whose activities are banned in the Russian Federation) carried out one shelling in the Idlib de-escalation zone in Syria per day, Major General Oleg Yegorov , deputy head of the Russian Center for the Reconciliation of Warring Parties in this country, said on November 30 at press conferences.

On November 27, terrorists fired on the Idlib de-escalation zone in Syria twice in 24 hours.

As REGNUM reported , on November 20, Oleg Yegorov said that militants of terrorist groups equipped warehouses with weapons in the refugee camps Harim and Salkin in the Syrian province of Idlib.
Posted by: badanov || 12/01/2022 00:00 || Comments || Link || [2 views] Top|| File under: Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (al-Nusra)



Who's in the News
45[untagged]
3Commies
2Hamas
2Narcos
2Govt of Iran
2Tin Hat Dictators, Presidents for Life, & Kleptocrats
1Islamic State
1Govt of Syria
1Palestinian Authority
1PLO
1Sublime Porte
1Taliban/IEA
1[untagged]
1Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (al-Nusra)

Bookmark
E-Mail Me

The Classics
The O Club
Rantburg Store
The Bloids
The Never-ending Story
Thugburg
Gulf War I
The Way We Were
Bio

Merry-Go-Blog











On Sale now!


A multi-volume chronology and reference guide set detailing three years of the Mexican Drug War between 2010 and 2012.

Rantburg.com and borderlandbeat.com correspondent and author Chris Covert presents his first non-fiction work detailing the drug and gang related violence in Mexico.

Chris gives us Mexican press dispatches of drug and gang war violence over three years, presented in a multi volume set intended to chronicle the death, violence and mayhem which has dominated Mexico for six years.
Click here for more information

Meet the Mods
In no particular order...
Steve White
Seafarious
tu3031
badanov
sherry
ryuge
GolfBravoUSMC
Bright Pebbles
trailing wife
Gloria
Fred
Besoeker
Glenmore
Frank G
3dc
Skidmark

Two weeks of WOT
Thu 2022-12-01
  3 teens among 15 Iranians facing death penalty over killing of paramilitary officer
Wed 2022-11-30
  BREAKING: Islamic State says leader killed ‘in combat with enemies of God’
Tue 2022-11-29
  Asayish arrests a group of 10 ISIS militants in Syria’s Deir ez Zor
Mon 2022-11-28
  500,000 posts
Sun 2022-11-27
  Senior Al-Shabaab leader dies of wounds in Somalia
Sat 2022-11-26
  Al Shabab claims to have killed 43 soldiers and wounded 51 more in a dawn attack on an army base in Qayib area near Bahdo town
Fri 2022-11-25
  Iran's IRGC Transferring Tanks to the Kurdish city of Oshnavieh in IRAN
Thu 2022-11-24
  Conspiracy to dismantle Iran foiled — FM
Wed 2022-11-23
  Jerusalem bombings: Teenager killed, 19 others injured
Tue 2022-11-22
  ISWAP Terrorists Clash With Boko Haram Rivals, Kill Many, Seize Weapons
Mon 2022-11-21
  Encounter in Anantnag
Sun 2022-11-20
  Iraq's PMF finds the body of the ISIS preacher, Abu Hassan Al-Naimi
Sat 2022-11-19
  Iran protesters say set fire to Khomeini's home
Fri 2022-11-18
  Court Rules On Malaysian Flight, MH17 Shot Down In Ukraine, Jails Three Persons For Life
Thu 2022-11-17
  22 LA sheriff's recruits on morning run injured, several critically, after group mowed down by wrong-way driver

Better than the average link...



Rantburg was assembled from recycled algorithms in the United States of America. No trees were destroyed in the production of this weblog. We did hurt some, though. Sorry.
34.201.19.151
Help keep the Burg running! Paypal:
WoT Background (5)    Non-WoT (17)    Opinion (9)    Local News (13)    Politix (9)